Turkish Verbs Conjugation Guide: Tenses, Moods & Modifications

Turkish Verbs
Modification
Meaning
Negative
Suffix
Use
-meFor general tense only, add -mez
-nStems ending in vowels
Passive
-ilStems ending in consonants other than l
-inStems ending in l
-dirMost verbs
Causative
-tStems ending in a vowel
-itStems ending in ş or ç
Reflexive
-in... to yourself
Mutual action -iş... to each other
görmek
to see
giymek
görüşmek
to see one another or to converse
giyinmek
görüşülmek
to be conversed about
giyindirmek
görüştürmek
to make to converse with one another
giyindirilmek
görüştürülmek
to be made to converse with one another
giyindirildirmek
to wear clothes
to dress oneself
to dress someone else
to be dressed by someone else
to be forced to be dressed by someone else
Conjugation
1. Drop -mek from the infinitive to get the stem.
2. Modify for meaning, as above
3. Select the tense and append something:
Tense
Append
Meaning
Present
-(i)yor
Actions happening right now – I am writing (now).
General (Aorist)
-(i)rThings generally true – I am a writer.
Future
-(y)ecekActions that will happen
miş-past
-mişPresent state caused by past action,
or things the speaker is reporting without having seen.
di-past
-diBoth simple past – did – and past perfect – have done
Necessity
-meliActions that must, or should, be taken
Conditional
-seIf .... (with non-simple moods, expresses
unfulfilled conditions, hopeless wishes of the past, etc.)
Subjunctive
-eNo statement of fact, things that might happen or have happened
(with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfillable past wishes,
or quotes of those expressions)
4. Select the mood and append something:
Mood
Append
Simple
Past
-idiConditional
-isePast conditional
-idi- + -isiInferential
-imişInferential conditional
-imiş- + -ise-
Conjugation pattern
I (mostly)
II
II
II
I
II
5. Apply the appropriate conjugation ending:
-im
-iz
Type I
-sin
-siniz
Type II
-(dir)
-(dir)ler
-m
-n
-
-k
-niz
-ler
Type III
-eyim
-eyin
-e
-elim
-esiniz
-eler
6. Entire pattern:
Present
General (aorist)
Future
miş-past
di-past
Necessity
Conditional
Subjunctive
Simple
-(i)yor + I
-ir + I
-ecek + I
-miş + I
-di + II
-meli + I
-se + I
-e + III
Past
-(i)yordi + II
-irdi + II
-ecekti + II
-mişti + II
-diydi + II
-meliydi + II
-seydi + II
-edi + II
Conditional
-(i)yorse + II
-irse + II
-ecekse + II
-mişse + II
-diyse + II
—–
—–
—–
Participles
Present
-en
gören = seeing (right now)
Aorist
-ir
görür = seeing (in general)
Future
-ecek
görecek which-will-be-seen
miş-past
-miş
görmüş = seen
di-past
-dik
görülmedik = extraordinary (unseen)
To be
– past pos
To be
– past neg
idim
idik
değildim
değildik
idin
idiniz
değildin
değildiniz
idi
idiler
değildi
değildiler
1
Past conditional
-(i)yordise + II
-irdise + II
-ecektiyse + II
-miş idiyse + II
-di idiyse + II
—–
—–
—–
Imperative
—
-[y]in
-sin
Inferential
-(i)yormiş + I
-irmiş + I
-ecekmiş + I
-miş imiş + I
—–
-meliymiş + I
-seymiş + I
-eymiş + I
—
-[y]iniz
-sinler
Ability (to be able to ...)
Append this to the stem:
-[y]ebilmek
with bilmek conjugated some way
Inferential conditional
-(i)yormişse + II
-irmişse + II
-ecekmişse + II
-miş imişse + II
—–
—–
—–
—–